Nitrogen Triiodide Chemistry Demonstration

In this spectacular chemistry demonstration, crystals of iodine are reacted with concentrated ammonia to precipitate nitrogen triiodide (NI3). The NI3 is then filtered out. When dry, the compound is so unstable that the slightest contact causes it to decompose into nitrogen gas and iodine vapor, producing a very loud snap and a cloud of purple iodine vapor. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: Minutes Materials Only a few materials are required for this project. Solid iodine and a concentrated ammonia solution are the two key ingredients. The other materials are used to set up and execute the demonstration. up to 1 g iodine (do not use more)concentrated aqueous ammonia (0.880 S.G.)filter paper or paper towelring stand (optional)feather attached to a long stick How to Perform the Nitrogen Triiodide Demo The first step is to prepare the NI3. One method is to simply pour up to a gram of iodine crystals into a a small volume of concentrated aqueous ammonia, allow the contents to sit for 5 minutes, then pour the liquid over a filter paper to collect the NI3, which will be a dark brown/black solid. However, if you grind the pre-weighed iodine with a mortar/pestle beforehand a larger surface area will be available for the iodine to react with the ammonia, giving a significantly larger yield.The reaction for producing the nitrogen triiodide from iodine and ammonia is:3I2 NH3 → NI3 3HIYou want to avoid handling the NI3 at all, so my recommendation would be to set up the demonstration in advance of pouring off the ammonia. Traditionally, the demonstration uses a ring stand on which a wet filter paper with NI3 is placed with a second filter paper of damp NI3 sitting above the first. The force of the decomposition reaction on one paper will cause decomposition to occur on the other pa per as well.For optimal safety, set up the ring stand with filter paper and pour the reacted solution over the paper where the demonstration is to occur. A fume hood is the preferred location. The demonstration location should be free of traffic and vibrations. The decomposition is touch-sensitive and will be activated by the slightest vibration.To activate the decomposition, tickle the dry NI3 solid with a feather attached to a long stick. A meter stick is a good choice (dont use anything shorter). The decomposition occurs according to this reaction:2NI3 (s) → N2 (g) 3I2 (g)In its simplest form, the demonstration is performed by pouring the damp solid onto a paper towel in a fume hood, letting it dry, and activating it with a meter stick. The nitrogen triiodide molecule is not very stable. LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images Tips and Safety Caution: This demonstration should only be performed by an instructor, using proper safety precautions. Wet NI3 is more stable than the dry compound, but still should be handled with care. Iodine will stain clothing and surfaces purple or orange. The stain can be removed using a sodium thiosulfate solution. Eye and ear protection are recommended. Iodine is a respiratory and eye irritant; the decomposition reaction is loud.NI3 in the ammonia is very stable and can be transported, if the demonstration is to be performed at a remote location.How it works: NI3 is highly unstable because of the size difference between the nitrogen and iodine atoms. There is not enough room around the central nitrogen to keep the iodine atoms stable. The bonds between the nuclei are under stress and therefore weakened. The outside electrons of the iodine atoms are forced into close proximity, which increases the instability of the molecule.The amount of energy released upon detonating NI3 exceeds that requ ired to form the compound, which is the definition of a high yield explosive. Sources Ford, L. A.; Grundmeier, E. W. (1993). Chemical Magic. Dover. p. 76. ISBN 0-486-67628-5.Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.Silberrad, O. (1905). The Constitution of Nitrogen Triiodide. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. 87: 55–66. doi:10.1039/CT9058700055Tornieporth-Oetting, I.; Klapà ¶tke, T. (1990). Nitrogen Triiodide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 29 (6): 677–679. doi:10.1002/anie.199006771

The Problems Caused by AIDS in Africa - 718 Words

Did you know â€Å"AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa† (Quinn, online). Twenty percent of Africa’s population has died from AIDS. Poverty is a big problem in Africa. Men have been forced to become migrant workers in urban areas. And antiretroviral treatment at this time is not available to African people. AIDS is a big problem in Africa today that is now requiring help from the world. There are an immense amount of problems in Africa caused by the AIDS disease. Healthcare providers are available and located all over Africa. Even though they are available, they have only â€Å"enough medicine for long-term survival available for 30,000 Africans† (Copson, 3). The continents political, religious, media, and other leaders are unwilling to open up and fight the disease. The problem with this is no one is spreading awareness about AIDS. To add, the World doesn’t know much about AIDS and how much it is affecting Africa as a country. Poverty is the biggest problem of all in Africa. In addition, it is limiting the blood supply in Africa. Next, because of low blood supply they are not able to help people with the AIDS disease. Finally, another big problem caused by AIDS is orphans. There are eleven million orphans in Africa. â€Å"Health officials begun to refer to these parentless children as the Lost Generation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (PBS, video). Many children in Africa are orphans as their parents were killed from the disease. The home life for these children is very differentShow MoreRelatedHealth Issues in Africa1611 Words   |  7 Pagespeople isn’t as healthy as might be imagined. South Africa major health public concerns are HIV/AIDS, malaria, smoking related disease, and tuberculosis, just to name a few of them but all of which affect the non-white population more than the white; apart form these. HIV/AIDS in Africa The rise of sickness in Africa today is mainly caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). 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Dambisa does fantastic work of noting other’s publishings, projects, and/or approaches to the effects of aid on underdeveloped nations.Read MoreDiscuss the Reasons Why the Research and Development of Anti-Retroviral Drugs (Arvs) Has Impacted Differently on People Suffering from Hiv/Aids in Developed and Developing World1265 Words   |  6 PagesChristine Carraro 10B Biology ‘Discuss the reasons why the research and development of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) has impacted differently on people suffering from HIV/AIDS in developed and developing world’ HIV/AIDS still does not have a know cure, but has a treatment that slows down the affects of HIV/AIDS which is called ARV (anti-retroviral drug) The ARV drug is a very â€Å"exclusive† drug because as it is very expensive, around $400 a month if not more depending on which stage you areRead MoreAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Africa922 Words   |  4 Pages Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Africa is the most affected area that it has reverse expected population growth to a net decrease (Oxford Analytica Ltd). 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Elephant Free Essays

Elephant was a movie based on an average high school In the last ten years, showing the experiences, different emotions and actions students have. While this movie In the end focuses on two boys, we see many different students throughout the movie and their part In high school. Even though this Is to be based on an average high school, I believe at times they showed an unrealistic portrayal on students and teachers with some of their actions in this movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Elephant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not far into the movie they show a cone of girls in gym class, all wearing shorts outside except one, Michelle. Which is nothing wrong with that, but what happens is the teachers makes a comment on her wearing sweats, telling her she needs to Join the rest of the girls, by wearing shorts. Otherwise, by her not following these instructions, it would lead to a drop in her marks. Michelle to me seems like an insecure girl, not wanting to show her body off. And no school I feel would make girls who are insecure about their body have to feel uncomfortable by wearing shorts, Just because every other girl in class was confident and wears shorts. I also found this movie made students look stupid, making them so oblivious to what was happening around them. As the two boys enter the school, stalking around the halls with those massive guns In their hands, you see not one student scream or even notice what was happening. Especially in the library which was full of kids, one of the boys marched right in, gun in the air, and it takes for him o actually shoot it after awhile for anyone to scream or run. Not to mention how as the shooting starts, students weren’t even running out of the school. In so many of the scenes when you see students running away they completely ignore the doors as if they weren’t even there. They Just run past or go up the stairs. No student would actually choose to run up a couple flights of stairs then to just run outside, getting away from this tragedy. How to cite Elephant, Papers

Value Chain Analysis Operationg Companies

Question: Describe about the Value Chain Analysis for Operationg Companies. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the paper is to identify different value chain designs and structures of two companies operating in the same industry. For this purpose, Telstra, the telecommunication service provider and Samsung, the company that deals with tangible products like mobiles, laptops and other electronic and telecommunication products, have been used for the case study analysis. A detailed analysis of their value chain design will be along with the evaluation of primary Customer Benefits Packages of each firms will be carried on throughout the paper. Value chain is the set of the activities that a firm carries out in a particular industry to perform better and deliver valuable products or service to the consumers in the market to meet the demand of the consumers. The concept was characterized by Michael Porter. Value chain analysis is carried on to gain a competitive advantage among other products in the market. As point out by Erlach (2013), we live in an Omni channel world Consumers no longer depend on the availability of products from the physical stores but everything is available to them online. This has opened up the scope for better value chain design and the provision of providing personal service to the consumers. A. Firms strategic vision, strategy and competitive priorities: Telstra: Vision of the Company: The primary vision of the company is to create a better future for the consumer base. To connect the World and the future that wont happen on its own. This future has to be created by Telstra. To create a brilliant connected future. To ensure that each customer is connected. Making the nation work falls under the responsibility of Telstra (Frazelle 2012). To provide service to everyone. The aim of Telstra is to serve every people with better opportunities of communication that will help everyone to connect. Strategy used by the Company: To improve customer advocacy: The telecommunication company is dedicated to improve their customer servicing and create advocacy among all customers. To drive value to the core: To strive to build a strong customer base and network leadership and productivity improvement throughout the business activities (Holweg and Helo 2014). To build new growth opportunities: To continue with the business activity and build better opportunities to improve the business activities. Competitive priorities: Manage business activities by following strict regulations to manage any kind of competitors pressure Maintaining a good relationship with the regulations of government (Hamilton and Selen) To reduce the cost of the service by expanding the business and focusing on the enhancement of customer base Samsung: Vision of the Company: To create innovation through business: To develop high technologically developed products with advanced process that boosts the sales of the Company To build unmatched products: To offer products at a certain competitive advantage to create huge customer base (Shashi and Shabani 2016) To widespread its business: To provide large numbers of products to the consumers to select from and create huge customer base throughout the globe Strategies used: To offer best service at a lesser price. Samsung offers various mobiles in different ranges to all strata of consumers (Holweg and Helo 2014) To come up with new ranges of mobile phone to fight against competition To come up with innovative ideas towards designing and formation of their products Competitive priorities: To understand the needs of the customers and developing products that are inclined to their needs To abide by the regulations of the government to carry out a safer business To ensure better promotional activities to fight against the other major competitors B. Comparison of primary Customer Benefit package: Customer benefit package is a part of operation management that clearly defines a set of tangible and intangible service or product that a Company provides that clearly differentiates among the various Companies belonging to the same industry. Johnson (2013) pointed out a number of sub activities that supports a firms value chain design that ultimately helps in the creation of customer benefit packaging. These are: Direct activities: The activities which are directly created by the Companies to attract more consumers and create a comparative advantage in the consumers market are direct activities. These activities include, promotional and advertisement strategies. These activities are sometimes carried out intensely to fight against the competition in the market (Holweg and Helo 2014). For instance, for both Tesltra and Samsung, promotion by the means of advertisement and promotional activities holds great importance. The company has also focused on directly engaging the consumers with the Company as a part of their marketing and creation of value chain strategy. Samsung has their Priority Stores where customers can easily land up with their problems. Indirect activities: Marketing activities that include managing the sales of the product or keeping a record of the customers and designing the marketing strategy in a way to attract more consumers falls under indirect activities (Shashi and Shabani 2016). In fact, these activities require a detailed analysis of the market situation and the competitors present in the same industry. In case of Telstra, it has to be said that the Company always focuses on the presence of its competitors and design their service to attract more consumers (Bandarian 2012). In addition to this, Samsung carries out great market analysis practices to understand their position in the market. Quality assurance: Another vital point that helps to improve the value chain of the products or services offered by a particular company is by assuring quality service and product to the consumer base. Providing good quality services to match the expectation of the consumers as well as to fight the odd challenges in the market falls under the criteria of meeting the quality of service (Khosrow-Pour 2016). It has been observed that Telstra carries out market research to understand the changing demand of the consumers and provide best quality services to the consumer base. At the same time, if the case of Samsung is consider, it has to be said that it is a Global Company and in order to make a strong customer base globally, the company keeps conducting market research to meet the expectations of the consumer base. C. Comparison of value chain design and structure: The value chain design of Samsung mobile is meant for support and other primary business activities. The support activities include the firms infrastructure and other technological developments which are necessary for attracting more consumers. Product diversification: If the value chain design of Samsung is compared with that of Tesltra, it has to be said that Telstra is more focused on the diversification of the products. It has been observed that more focus is made on product diversification (Lukinskiy et al. 2014). There is no such scope for Telstra to modify or make diverse products. Therefore, it can be said that Samsung enjoys the the advantage of this value chain. Quality based management: Both the telecommunication companies focus on improving their business quality. As pointed out by Shashi and Shabani (2016) that Samsung being in a competitive business environment, have to focus greatly on the managing their quality of service. At the same time, Telstra also focus on improving its quality by providing better quality of internet and other telecommunication services to their consumers. Hybrid management system: One of the most influential value chain designs of Samsung is the Hybrid Management system of the Company. On the basis of this management system, the company focuses more on the Western market (Medudula 2016). It has to be mentioned here that Samsung is a global company but Telstra is not. Therefore, a hybrid management system that Samsung follows is indeed an efficient tool of management for Samsung but the same is not applicable for Telstra. Telstra has to focus on the market of Australia for its business operation. With this analysis, it can be said that the mode of operation of both the companies taken into consideration is different and it is for the same reason, their value chain design and structure is bound to be diverse. However, these designs are made to match with their business strategies and thus, they are rightly applicable to their respective businesses. Conclusion: It has been observed that the two companies in spite of operating in the same industry have different value chain designs and supply chain. This is evident because in case of Telstra, the Company mainly has to deal with government regulations to provide service to the consumers. Thus, there remains less scope and opportunity for the company to create customer value. On the other hand, Samsung has to directly deal with the customers and there remains greater opportunities of carrying out different types of value chain designs and activities to create huge customer base. However, both the companies have designed their value chain quite effectively and have been found to operate successfully in their business. Reference list: Bandarian, R., 2012. Exploiting value chain process concepts in research organisations.International Journal of Value Chain Management,2(3), pp.400-416. Erlach, K., 2013.Value stream design(pp. 97-229). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Frazelle, E., 2012.Supply chain strategy: the logistics of supply chain management. McGrraw Hill. Hamilton, J. and Selen, W., 2016. Service value encounters in the virtual service value chain: a conceptual framework.International Journal of Value Chain Management,1(2), pp.139-158. Hoerl, R., 2004. One perspective on the future of Six-Sigma.International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage,1(1), pp.112-119. Holweg, M. and Helo, P., 2014. Defining value chain architectures: Linking strategic value creation to operational supply chain design.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.230-238. Johnson, M.E., 2012. Product design collaboration: capturing lost supply chain value in the apparel industry.Tuck School of Business Working Paper, (02-08). Khosrow-Pour, M., 2006.Emerging trends and challenges in information technology management. Idea Group. Lukinskiy, V., Lukinskiy, V. and Churilov, R., 2014. Problems of the supply chain reliability evaluation.Transport and Telecommunication Journal,15(2), pp.120-129. Medudula, M.K., Sagar, M. and Gandhi, R.P., 2016.Telecom Management in Emerging Economies. Springer India. Singh, R. and Shabani, A., 2016. Value?Adding Practices in Food Supply Chain: Evidence from Indian Food Industry.Agribusiness.